![]() ![]() While stage is prognostic, I also find it valuable to have these baseline imaging tests to be able to compare treatment response or progression. Baseline chest radiographs and abdominal ultrasound are recommended for staging purposes to determine extent of disease. Lymph node biopsy is ideally performed for histologic grading but is often only collected when cytology was inconclusive. Phenotype is the best independent prognostic factor prognosis is worse with T-cell than B-cell. If there is a peripheral lymphocytosis on CBC (stage V), flow cytometry can be submitted on a whole blood sample to determine phenotype. Phenotyping is typically determined with immunocytochemistry from aspirates, immunohistochemistry from biopsy, or flow cytometry or PARR from aspirates. The next diagnostic I encourage owners to submit is phenotyping to determine B vs. The minimum tests required for treatment are cytological confirmation (lymph node or affected organ), CBC, chemistry panel and urinalysis. Avoid reactive LN, such as the mandibular LN. Cytology does not provide complete classification, grading, or phenotype. Cytology reveals monomorphic abnormal lymphocyte populations. Cytology is minimally invasive, less expensive than biopsy, and typically provides rapid results, in 1 to 2 days. Another scenario that can lead to confusion is hypercalcemia, often without peripheral lymphadenomegaly so lymphoma is not suspected.Ĭytology - Confirmation of lymphoma starts with fine needle aspirate of an affected lymph node. The lack of generalized lymphadenomegaly does not eliminate the possibility of lymphoma, as some dogs will have internal involvement only (i.e., hepatosplenic form, GI). Diffuse pulmonary infiltration has been reported in 27–34% based on CXR but on BAL, lung involvement may be higher. In dogs, multicentric LSA is generally the NHL (non-Hodgkin’s LSA) form. Multicentric lymphoma involving the peripheral lymph nodes is most common, accounting for 80% of patients. Non-painful generalized lymphadenomegaly is most common physical exam finding. When present, clinical signs tend to be nonspecific and include vomiting, diarrhea, melena, anorexia, fever, and weight loss (substage b).Ĭommon examination findings: Lymphoma can be indolent or aggressive, solitary or multicentric, or node-based or associated with any organ. ![]() ![]() In the early stages, dogs appear healthy and are not showing clinical signs. Owners commonly report that lymph node size is rapidly increasing - over days to 1 to 3 weeks. Historic findings: The most common complaint is generalized lymphadenomegaly. Most dogs are typically asymptomatic, and 20–40% are clinical (substage b) with anorexia, lethargy, fever, V/D, weight loss, melena. Multicentric (PLN) is the most common form, accounting for 80% of lymphomas. Affected dogs are typically middle aged to older dog. Dogs of any age, gender, and breed can be affected with lymphoma. Lymphoma is one of the most common canine cancers, accounting for 7–24% of all canine tumors and 85% of hematopoietic tumors. Even though lymphoma is clinically a diverse group of neoplasms, the common origin is the lymphoreticular cells. Lymphoma is a collection of cancers arising from the malignant transformation of lymphocytes. In this talk, we will take “My 3 Ps” approach - prognostic, practical and pertinent. The diagnostic and treatment choices can be confusing and overwhelming.Only a minority develops significant toxicity. Dogs treated with chemotherapy live significantly longer than untreated dogs, and chemotherapy is generally well-tolerated in most dogs.To determine the best protocol for a patient and owners, it is important to understand the efficacy of the various protocols, the potential toxicities, and prognostic factors.Early accurate diagnostics and careful staging are keys to proper clinical decision-making.Higher remission rates are typical with CHOP multi-agent chemotherapy protocols. The majority of dogs achieve a complete remission with chemotherapy (approximately 80%).Lymphoma is a common canine cancer and is a systemic disease that requires chemotherapy in almost all cases.Books & VINcyclopedia of Diseases (Formerly Associate).VINcyclopedia of Diseases (Formerly Associate). ![]()
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